Improvement in power looms



titte.

@uiten ftstrs getest Letters Patent lVo. 63,622, dater] April 9. 1867.

MPROVEMENT IN POWER LOOMS.

itin grnde-winnt in' in tins tritcts lzitnit mit mating ),nrt nt tte smut.

TO ALL WHOM IT MAY CONCER-N:

Be it known that I, JOHN EARNSHAW, of Providence, in the county of Providence, and Stu-te of Rhode island, have invented a new und useful Improvement in PowerLooIns; and I do hereby declare the following, when taken in connection with the accompanying drawings, and the letters of reference marked thereon, to be Aa full, clear, and exact description oi' the same, and which said drawings constitute part of this specification, and represent, iii- Figure l, a front view.

Figure 2, a lefthand end view.

Figure 3, a top view.

This invention consists in certain contrivanccs which are substituted for the shuttle generally employed for the purpose of putting in the filling, and also in an improvement in the reed to enable threads ot' the warp to be changed from the wrong to the right dents, or to be mended without stopping the loom.

To enable others skilledv in the art to construct und use my invention, I will proceed to describe the sume as illustrated in the accompanying drawings.

A A is n frame resembling the frame of power looms as generally constructed. B is the lay which is arranged and operated in similar manner as the lay of other power looms, and is made of sutlicient weight to beat np the filling, though it need not be made so deep as that of other looms, as no shuttle-race is required` C is a needle or pointed rod whose length mustexeeed the width of the warp. lhis needle which is employed to curry the filling through the warp has an eye near the point, and is iitted and secured to a stock, D, which Works on two stra-ight horizontal guidebars a a, which are supported by two standards b Z) at one side of the loom, the said .guides being at such height that the needle may work in a horizontal line through the open shed. The needle-stock D is connected bya rod, c, with an arm, d, which is rigidly attached to a rock-shaft, E, which is arranged in bearings in the loom frame. rlhis rock-shaft has a crank, E', or, in place thereof, may have an arm, which is situated below n crank, F', or a cam on the harness-shaft or drivingshaft, F, of' the loom, andthe said crank or urm E is depressed by the crank or cani F', once during every revolution of the shaft F, suilieiently to give the shaft E such a motion as will cause the point of the needle to carry its double filling thread through the warp far enough to form a loop through which the shuttle (to be hereinafter described) passes. A section ot lthe open shed ot' the warp is represented in tig. l by two rows of blue dots between the dents d d ot` the reed.' 'lhe illing thread, represented in red, is contained on a spool, fl', (sec figs. 1 and 3,) which is supported in suitable position at the side of the leoni, from whence the needle enters the warp, and from this spool it passes through a suitable tension device, and the eye of the needle and its end are secured at the same side of the loom, being tied temporarily to a fixed hook, e, at starting and afterwards being secured by the selvedge of the cloth. 'lhc needle in passing through the shed carries the filling thread through it in fr doubled state, and as soon as it reaches the end of its movement, n shuttle, e, somewhat similar to that used in sewing machines, and much smaller than an ordinary loom shuttle, passes between the needle and its loop of thread, and thus carries a thread, e, shown in blue between the two parts ot' the filling thread so ne to retain the filling'threud when the needle is drawn buck, nud thus causes a fast selvedgo to be made on that side of the cloth when the shed'is closed. The needle is drawn by aspring,j', connected tvo-an arm intermediary bctween'thc needle and its operating rock-shaft, as soon as the locking of the outer selvedge is cll'ected. The movement of the needle back und forth must be effected in as speedy a lnanner ns possible, as it must be begun and completed during a limited-portion ot' the movementof the lay, und while the shed is well open. lhe shuttle e works in a vertical plane in an arched shuttle-race, g, secured to the side framing of the loom, and is driven back und forth by un arm, n, which receives a vibrating motion on u stud, z, through thc agency of a crank or cam, a', on the cam-shai`t F, acting on n. projecting arm, j, which arm is kept in contact with the cam by means of a spring, 7c. The shuttle motion is best illustrated in iig. '2. The shuttle carries its thread through the loop of the filling thread, the needle then moves back, and the shuttle resumes its first position to be in readiness for the next pick of filling. The needle, during the movement ofthe shuttle through the bend or loop of the filling thread, is

kept steady by means of nshuttle-notchor recess, Z, (see tig. 2,) which is provided in the top of the shuttle-race to receive it. In order to insure the formation of a loopfor thc shuttle to enter I out away a portion 0f the needle, as seen at m in iig. l. The eyeof the noodle must be so formed that the thread will pass so freely through it, both in going and returning through the cloth, that there will be no danger of breaking tho thread, but there must be a suliieient amount of friction between the thread and the eye for thc needle in returning to pull taut the loop at the selvedge, where the shuttle-thread passes through it. Il'he eye-pointed iilling-thread carrier rociprocates in a plane at right anglesl to the warp, but tho eye ofthe noodle is made through Ait at somewhat of an inclination, that is, the eye attho lower side of the needle is nearer the cloth-making point than that at the upper side, and the eye on the upper side of the needle nearer the reed than that on the lower side; this is for the purpose of laying one of the two threads left by the filling-thread carrier, when it is withdrawn from the shed, nea-rer the last point of cross of the warp than the other, to insure aperfcct parallelism of filling threads and prevent anyliability of the same twisting or overriding each other, as would be the case were both the filling threads in the same vertical plane, which would be the ense were the eye vertical to the plano of the needle's movement. v

The harness may be adapted for plain or fancy weaving in the saine manner as in other looms, and no change in the arrangement or operation of the harness is rendered'necessary by my new method of putting in the filling.

The improvement of the reed which constitutes. one of the features of this invention is one which is only rendered fully practicable by my improved method of putting in the filling. It consists in attaching the dentsl d el by their lowernds rigidly'to thc lay, and dispensing with the lay eap which enables the warp threads to be changed from one space between the dents to another, or to be taken-upward and replaced in the reed when broken without stopping the loom. This method of attaching the dents cannot bc safely employed when a shuttle is used, as it is almost absolutely necessary, iu that case, to hang the reed from the cap in such a manner that it may swing back if thc shilttle is accidentally arrested in front of it, and caused to intorpose itself between thc lay and the full point of the cloth.

My improved method of putting in the iilling enables the loom to be driven with much less power than where a shuttle is used for that purpose, and saves much expense of wear and tear.y The shuttle motion requires more power to operate it than all other parts of a Common loom, and is the most expensive part to keep in order owing to its great wear and tear.

Having therefore thus fully described my invention, what I claim as new and useful, and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States, is-

An eye-pointed filling-thread carrier, in combination with mechanism for carrying an interlocking selvedge thread, substantially as sot forth.

In combination with an eye-pointed filling-thread carrier-,and mechanism for carrying an interlocking selvedge thread, I ola-im the reed substantially as deserib'ed.

The springf, arranged to operate the eye-pointed filling-thread carrier, substantially as described.

The'within-described method of Weaving `by passinga doubled thread of filling between the warp threads, locking the filling by an independent sclredge thread, crossing the warps, and binding and beating up the iilling, substantially as sot forth.

The shuttle e, operatingr in a vertical plane and crossing'the head of the filling-thread carrier transversely, substantially as set forth.

The vibrating arm n, which actuates the shuttle, in combination with the arm j, and lever or cani 1.', for operating it, substantially as described. i

The notch or recess Z in the shuttle-race for supporting or steadying the iilliug-thread carrier, when the shuttle is passing through the loop of the filling thread, substantially as, described.

Providing the eye-pointed filling-thread carrier with a notch m, as and for the purpose set forth.

The combination of the needle-stock D with guides a a, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

Forming the eye in the needle, as and for the purpose set forth.

` JOHN EARNSHAW.

Witnesses:

JOHN E. EAnLn, A. J. Trnnrrs. 

